Collection and Preservation of Sputum

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What is Sputum?

Sputum is the mucus or phlegm that comes from the lungs and air passages during coughing. It is examined to diagnose respiratory infections such as tuberculosis (TB), pneumonia, and bronchitis.

Collection of Sputum

  1. Use a clean, sterile, wide-mouthed container with a lid.
  2. Collect the sample early in the morning before eating or brushing teeth.
  3. Rinse the mouth with clean water before collection.
  4. Take a deep breath and cough deeply from the chest.
  5. Spit the sputum (not saliva) into the container.
  6. Close the container tightly and label it with:
    • Name of the patient
    • Date and time of collection

Preservation of Sputum

  1. Immediate Examination
    • Best results are obtained when the sample is examined quickly.
  2. Refrigeration (4°C)
    • If there is a delay, keep the sample in a refrigerator.
    • Prevents the growth of unwanted microorganisms.
  3. Special Preservatives
    • Used in laboratories when long-term storage is required.

Importance

  • Helps diagnose tuberculosis (TB).
  • Detects bacterial and fungal lung infections.
  • Assists in identifying respiratory diseases.

Precautions

  • Collect sputum from deep coughing, not saliva.
  • Use a sterile container.
  • Keep the container tightly closed.
  • Wash hands before and after handling the sample.

Summary

Sputum should be collected in a sterile container after deep coughing, preferably in the morning. It should be examined promptly or stored in a refrigerator to maintain sample quality.

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